Recommend
Official website E-Energy

Energy saving.The effectiveness of the use of energy resources.

Energy saving today is one of the priority areas of politics and companies that are focused on dynamic development, both in terms of reducing costs of their own production of the main products, and in accordance with the general orientation of government programs aimed at reducing loads on producing capacities.Energy conservation is one of the most important tasks for any enterprise that was especially sharply faced with enterprises now, during the economic crisis.The technological and economic features of the centralized heat supply of consumers are directly related to the subject - thermal energy.However, this is not the only factor that affects the specifics.Effective energy conservation can significantly reduce the cost of production and, as a result, increase its competitiveness in the markets.

Savings of energy

There are a large number of various methods of increasing the rational use of existing energy resources and capacities.And the sooner the enterprise begins to introduce energy -saving technologies, the faster it will feel the positive effect of these events, which will be expressed in specific financial indicators."On energy conservation and on increasing energy efficiency and on amendments to certain legislative acts."The law poses the tasks of implementing measures aimed at reducing energy costs, namely:

  • From January 1, 2010, a budgetary institution is obliged to ensure a decrease in comparable conditions of the volume of water consumed by it, natural gas, fuel oil, diesel and other fuel, thermal energy, electric energy over five years by at least fifteen percent of the volume that he had actually consumed in 2009, each of the indicated resources with a weekly decrease in such a volume by at least three percent;
  • Until January 01, 2011, the owners of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, during the operation of which energy resources are used, are required to complete the equipment of such objects by metering devices of the used water, natural gas, thermal energy, electric energy, as well as the commissioning of the installed metering devices into operation;
  • Until May 15, 2010, organizations with the participation of the state, includingState and municipal institutions are required to accept energy conservation programs and increase energy efficiency;
  • organizations with the participation of the state, includingState and municipal institutions are obliged to organize and conduct the first energy examination until December 31, 2012, subsequent energy surveys - at least once every five years.

Energy saving as a way to provide the growing need for energy and energy resources is 2-5 times more profitable than the construction of new capacities for the production of thermal and electric energy for the same purposes.For our population, the high growth rate of internal energy prices and energy raw materials to support and develop the fuel and energy complex is unacceptable, since labor productivity and the level of payment are several times lower than in the most developed countries.Pricing growth rates should not exceed the growth rate of labor productivity.Otherwise, inflation will grow in the country to the extent that the cost of energy carriers increases.The erupted global economic crisis, which captured the world almost without a trace, attached special importance to the increase in energy efficiency, since each ruble invested in the production of highly effective equipment creates 8 times more jobs than the ruble invested in energy production.The concept of an energy -efficient rise in the country's economy should consist of 4 parts:

  • energy conservation programs;
  • stabilization of energy prices (for which the trust and interdependence should be ensured between manufacturers, consumers and energy resources transitors);
  • increasing the role of atomic and non -traditional renewable energy;
  • development of new energy technologies.

In recent years, radical changes have occurred in our country, which require a change in approaches and psychology, making fundamentally new decisions.The most important of them include: a) a cardinal change in the legal field;b) continuing liberalization in the electric power industry and gas industry;c) implementation of national projects;d) the emergence of a global systemic deficiency of energy capacities and the capacity of the network economy;e) restrictions on hydrocarbons.

The effectiveness of the use of energy resources

Modern large enterprises are interested in reducing the cost of products to attract customers.And to reduce the cost, the entire production chain should be reorganized, the effectiveness of the use of energy resources is checked.This is very important, since various energy resources are used in production.It can be electricity, heat and other resources.For more effective use, there are different methods.First of all, it is necessary to solve a psychological problem, which is a serious obstacle to the economy of electricity, that is, workers have no interest in the economical use of resources.Another problem is the unpreparedness of the enterprise managers to reorganize the entire production process for the effective use of energy resources.So, the process of reducing energy costs is achieved in different ways:

  • reorganization of the enterprise and all production;
  • phased reconstruction of the production process;
  • determining the potential of energy conservation;
  • implementation of programs for the effective use of energy resources;
  • Periodic technological survey of enterprises.

At large enterprises with their energy conservation specialists, energy audit programs are compiled on their own with the involvement of experts from regional energy conservation centers.In small and medium -sized enterprises, the energy audit programs are developed by specialists from regional or republican energy conservation centers.These programs should have several stages:

Evaluation of energy conservation potential.At this stage, a detailed examination of the energy consumption of all large consumers of energy, workshops and the entire enterprise for at least 5 years preceding the examined year is carried out.Data is processed on a computer, and mathematical energy consumption models are built.The latter are necessary to take into account the dependence of energy consumption on performance, temperature, quality of raw materials, etc. After processing the survey results, databases are created, including the following information:

  • consumption of basic energy resources (fuel, electricity, heat and water), both absolute and specific, assigned to the unit of the main types of products;
  • consumption of basic energy resources for similar attitudes, workshops and enterprises of this industry abroad (helps to establish a situation with energy consumptions at the analyzed enterprise: good, medium, bad, very bad);
  • the potential of energy conservation, expressed in natural (kW · h, gj, t) and monetary calculus;
  • The main ways to reduce energy expenses in similar domestic and foreign enterprises (methods for achieving, costs, payback periods, etc.).

Often, a control examination makes it possible to identify reserves for immediate energy savings (for example, improper operation of electric lighting, low equipment loading, large thermal and electrical losses, etc.).In most cases, control survey data is necessary to develop an energy saving strategy.Organization of accounting for energy consumption.Studies show that the correct organization of energy consumption accounting can save 5 ... 10 % of energy resources without additional measures.The best result is achieved when organizing an energy center at the enterprise, which contains a central computer with appropriate software, a network of transmission data on energy consumption and primary devices (meters and sensors).

Depending on the scale of the enterprise and the values of energy consumption, these elements of the energy center should be selected.So, for large enterprises (metallurgical, chemical, automobile), it is economically advisable to create complex and expensive energy centers.A relatively cheap computer with simple software is suitable for small enterprises.Thus, the organization of control over the consumption of energy resources is the first and most important step towards their rational management management:

  • the identification of the workshops and sections that revenge energy resources within the enterprise;
  • a detailed audit of accounts issued by the enterprise with energy supplying organizations;
  • identifying the most energetically effective operating modes of equipment and maintaining these modes for as much time as possible;
  • A strict quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of various energy -saving measures in natural (GJ, KWNC, etc.) and monetary terms.

Development and implementation of measures to reduce TED consumption. Despite the differences in the structures of industrial plants and methods of their operation, the potential capabilities of energy conservation are similar in them.They can be grouped in the following categories:

  • Operation and maintenance strategy;
  • strategy for modernization of equipment and technological processes;
  • The strategy for replacing the existing equipment with a new, less energy -intensive, and the introduction of new technologies.

For example, the current energy consumption of the enterprise is accepted for the initial state before the implementation of the energy conservation program.Then, based on the analysis of existing capabilities, control figures are established to reduce energy consumption at the end of each stages of the energy conservation program.An important aspect of the implementation of the program is the problem of motivating personnel of enterprises to implement it.Information about the energy conservation program should be in an accessible form brought to all performers participating in it.All program executors should know that they will receive a real reward in the implementation of its stages.When developing energy saving measures on PP, it must be remembered that there are the following areas of savings:

  • saving TER by improving energy supply;
  • Savings TED by improving energy -use.

These measures are developed by power engineers.The main ones are:

The right choice of energy carriers.Each process requires such an energy carrier that provides the greatest energy and economic effect.For example, for furnaces and heating plants, direct use of fuel and electric heating should be compared;For blacksmithing and pressing equipment-electricity, compressed air and steam (if it is available at the enterprise).The type of energy is chosen by comparing options and comprehensively analyzing the following factors:

  • requirements from the technology (change in the quality of products, consumption of raw materials, etc.);
  • economic differences in the design and operating conditions of equipment;
  • costs of compared energy;
  • the availability of the necessary equipment;
  • the required period of time to replace equipment;
  • The economic effect of the use of VER, the cost of environmental measures.

The costs of the options under consideration are determined by the expression z = emergency + IP+ eudpzud.e - σδzI,

where KP is the capital costs for this technological installation without taking into account the costs of installing VER;IP - operational costs without the energy component;EUD - specific consumption of energy resources;P - annual production of products;ZUD - the above specific energy costs;I - The effect of the use of VER.For current enterprises, an assessment of the compared options for current energy tariffs is allowed if the costs of events are covered from the enterprise fund.

  1. Reducing the number of energy transformations.Since each transformation of energy is associated with losses, the less consistent transformations the energy undergoes, the higher the general efficiency.It is economically, for example, it is advisable to replace compressed air with electricity everywhere where it is possible according to technological conditions.
  2. Development of rational energy saving schemes.The energy conservation scheme of the plant is a complex complex in which individual energy carriers are interdependent and often interchangeable.The development of a comprehensive power supply scheme, linked to the technology and taking into account the technologically necessary parameters of all energy carriers, will reveal the reserves of savings and show the sequence of their implementation.
  3. Automation of energy supply units.This includes measures such as automation of heating units, boiler units, substations and the introduction of television and automatic control of energy parameters of various engines and assemblies.
  4. Improving the quality of energy resources.Any change in the parameters of energy resources (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfuriness, ash, quality of electricity, etc.) leads to a deterioration in the quality of products and an overstracting of energy resources.

Thermal energy losses are classified into technological;commercial;emergency.This indicator is calculated at the enterprise for one heating season, taking into account the costs of production and climatic conditions last year.The percentage of losses depends on the nature of networks, temperature graphs, pressure, atmospheric temperature.